Uncover the fascinating stories, historic charm, and insider tips for visiting San Marino’s Palazzo Pubblico
San Marino—a microstate that boasts the title of the world’s oldest republic—feels like a place where history comes alive. At its heart lies the Palazzo Pubblico, the iconic seat of the nation’s parliament. With its architecture, panoramic views, and centuries of stories etched into its walls, the Palazzo embodies the enduring spirit of independence and democracy that defines this tiny yet mighty country. As we waddle through the narrow cobblestone streets leading to the Palazzo, each step uncovers layers of history. From its origins as a medieval gathering place to its role as a modern parliament, the building is a living testament to San Marino’s rich heritage. Let’s look closer at why Palazzo Pubblico is an unmissable highlight of San Marino.
A Glimpse into History of the Palazzo Pubblico
The Palazzo Pubblico stands on the so-called “Pianello,” or Piazza della Libertà (Freedom Square), and stands on the site of the Domus Comunis Magna, built between 1380 and 1392 and repaired several times. It was built between 1884 and 1894, replacing an older building with the same purpose. Designed by Italian architect Francesco Azzurri, it reflects neo-Gothic elegance with its tower and sandstone facade. Over the centuries, this building has hosted the Great and General Council, the cornerstone of San Marino’s 1,700-year-old democracy.
Some historical facts that are worth knowing:
- The Founding of San Marino (301 AD). The legend states that Saint Marinus, a stonemason fleeing persecution, founded the Republic of San Marino as a safe haven.
- Adoption of the First Constitution (1600). San Marino adopted one of the world’s earliest written constitutions, the Statuti di San Marino. This document laid the foundation for its democratic government and is still in use, showcasing the country’s political foresight.
- Construction of Palazzo Pubblico (1884–1894). The current Palazzo Pubblico was built under architect Francesco Azzurri, replacing an older, smaller council building. It symbolized the modernization of San Marino while retaining its historical roots.
- Napoleon’s Acknowledgment (1797). During his campaign through Italy, Napoleon Bonaparte recognized San Marino’s sovereignty. Legend has it he admired its dedication to liberty and even offered to expand its territory—an offer the republic humbly declined.
- San Marino During World War II (1940s). Despite being neutral, San Marino played a crucial humanitarian role during World War II by sheltering more than 100,000 refugees—a significant number given its small population.
- Introduction of the Captains Regent System (1243). San Marino has a unique dual-leadership system, established in 1243. Every six months (on April 1 and October 1 every year), two Captains Regent are elected as heads of state, ensuring shared power and preventing autocracy.
- UN Membership (1992). Despite its ancient history, San Marino joined the United Nations in 1992, reaffirming its position on the global stage while continuing its tradition of independence.
- The Restoration of Palazzo Pubblico (1996–1997). The Palazzo underwent significant restoration work in the 1990s. The project included cleaning the sandstone facade and revitalizing its iconic clock tower.
- The Flame of Liberty (Symbolic Event). The eternal flame atop Palazzo Pubblico has become a symbol of San Marino’s continuous freedom. It is ceremoniously re-lit during national celebrations, connecting modern citizens to their historical legacy.
- The Peace Treaties Signed in Palazzo Pubblico. Throughout its history, the Palazzo has hosted numerous agreements and peace treaties between local powers, cementing its role as a place of diplomacy and justice in the region.
The Legend of the Eternal Flame
One local legend claims that the flame on Palazzo Pubblico’s tower burns eternally as a symbol of the republic’s unbroken independence. It’s said that as long as the flame glows, San Marino will remain free. Locals believe this light connects their tiny nation to its founder, Saint Marinus, who established San Marino as a refuge for those seeking liberty.
How to Get To San Marino
Reaching San Marino is part of the adventure.
- By Car. Drive through scenic Emilia-Romagna or the Marche regions to reach the base of Mount Titano.
- By Bus. Regular buses connect Rimini’s train station to San Marino with a picturesque 45-minute ride through rolling hills. This was also the option we chose.
- By Foot (if you’re feeling adventurous). Once in the city, prepare to waddle up steep streets to the Palazzo. Every step reveals more of San Marino’s medieval charm.
Visiting Hours and Admission
Opening Hours. The Palazzo Pubblico is open to the public from 10.00 am to 5.00 pm, with extended hours in the summer months. Keep in mind that hours might change during national holidays.
Tickets. You can enter the parliament for free and explore on your own. There are two rooms, which you can check out.
Our Waddle Thought San Marino’s Parliament
The sun was getting to us as we reached Freedom Square, and the Palazzo Pubblico came as a redemption. We initially didn’t plan on exploring it inside, but as we came to the entry gate, the lady said we were free to explore inside. So, we never say no to any free entry.
The entrance hall and steps up were already quite magnificent; you can feel their history. But it is nothing compared to the main hall.
The main hall inside Palazzo Pubblico is called the “Hall of the Great and General Council” (Italian: Sala del Consiglio Grande e Generale). This is where the San Marino parliament, known as the Great and General Council, convenes.
The hall is full of beautiful frescoes, including works depicting the republic’s history and ideals. It also features intricately designed woodwork and other decorative elements that reflect the building’s neo-Gothic style. The space serves as a symbol of San Marino’s enduring commitment to democracy.
As you leave the grandeur of the Hall of the Great and General Council and step back onto the winding streets of San Marino, you’ll carry a piece of its history with you. Palazzo Pubblico is a living testament to the resilience and independence of the world’s oldest republic. Whether you came for the history, the breathtaking views, or the stories whispered through its walls, this journey through time will surely inspire you to cherish the timeless values of freedom and unity.
Waddle on, and let San Marino’s magic linger long after you’ve gone!
